Synthetic resin coating composition



Patented Feb. 3, 1942 SYNTHETIC RESIN COATING COMPOSITION Charles Bogin,Terre Haute, Ind., assignor to Commercial Solvents Corporation, TerreHaute, Ind., a corporation of Maryland No Drawing. Original applicationJuly 21, 1937,

Serial No. 154,757, now Patent No. 2,192,583, dated March 5, 1940.Divided and this application August 11, 1939, Serial'No. 289,579

4 Claims. 01. 260-32) My invention pertains to coating compositions, andmoreparticularly to coating compositions containing polymerized. vinylcompounds.

Various types and grades of synthetic resins have been produced by thepolymerization of vinyl compounds. These resins, in general, possessvery interesting properties, being of great physical and chemicalstabilityland not readily affected by concentrated hydrochloric orhydrofluoric acids, 50% sodium hydroxide solution, alcohols, or even bya mixture of potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid. On account of thissuperior stability, synthetic resins produced by the polymerization ofvinyl compounds. have been suggested for numerous uses in the finishingfield. They, however, possess certain general defects which make theiruse for coating purposes in particular somewhat diflicult. For example,contact at elevated temperatures with certain metals such as zinc, iron,or tin, causes rapid decomposion of polymerized vinyl compounds preparedfrom vinyl chloride with the liberationof hydrochloric acid. Thepresence of pigments containing iron or zinc has the same effect. v

Another of theimportant handicaps up to the present time in the use ofvinyl resins in coating compositions'has been the lack of satisfactorysolvents. I have now discovered that the nitroparaifins are particularlygood solvents for the vinyl resins best suited for use in coatingcompositions such as, for example, resins resulting from the conjointpolymerization of a vinyl halide with a. vinyl ester of a loweraliphatic acid and an Ob? ject of my invention is the use of suchsolvents either alone or in conjunction with suitable diluents in theproduction of vinyl resin coating compositions. g

A suitable form of vinyl resin for use in coating compositions isdescribed in UnitedStates Patent the vinyl resins in my improved coatingcompositions may be produced in accordance with the process disclosed inPatent No. 1,967,667, granted July 24, 1934, to H. B. Hass, E. B. Hodgeand B. M. Vanderbilt, although they may of course be made by otherprocesses, if desired. Any of the nitroparafiins of suitable boilingpoint and rates of evaporation, with the exception of nitromethane, maybe used as solvents for the preferred form of vinyl resin disclosedabove. Examples of such suitable materials are nitroethane,l-nitropropane, Z-nitropropane, the nitrobutanes, the nitropentanes,etc., or mixtures thereof from which preferably the nitromethane hasbeen removed. Although the nitromethane itself is not a solvent for thevinyl resin, it becomes so when mixed with suitable proportions of acoal tar hydrocarbon like toluol. On account of the high tolerances ofthe nitroparaflins for the coal tar hydrocarbons such as toluol largeamounts of the latter may be used as diluents for nitroparafllnsolutions of vinyl resins.

Other materials ordinarily used in coating compositions containingsynthetic resins may also be employed in my improved vinyl resin coatingcomposition. For example, plasticizers such as camphor, tricresy]phosphate, dibutyl phthalate,

oxidized oils, or the like may be incorporated. Other resins,eithernatural or synthetic, may

likewise be used in the composition; Also, pigmer ts or dyes may beadded provided care is taken to exclude zinc and iron compounds.

The viscosities of vinyl resin coating compositions, just as in the caseof most other coating compositions, are of considerable importanceregardless of the method of application employed. Inasmuch as thecharacter of the solvent mixture employed effects not only theconcentrations of resins and the character of the coating obtainable butalso the viscosities of the liquid coating compositions, the choice ofproper solvents to use with vinyl resins is highly important and dependsto a large extent on theviscosity characteristics of the solutionsobtained therewith. Most of the solvents previouslysuggested for usewith vinyl resins are not suitable for the preparation of satisfactorycoatingcompositions because solutions of the resin made with them notonly possess high initial viscosities,

but in addition, tend to increase in viscosity onaging and ultimatelyset to solid gels. As will be seen from the tables given below, thenitroparaflins give solutions having much lower viscosities than areobtainable with one of the best of the previously known solvents, i. e.,methyl isobutyl ketone, and, in addition, such solutions show adecreased tendency to gel on aging. This property of the nitroparafiinstherefore permits the production of more concentrated and more stablesolutions of the vinyl resins. Toluol do 60 TABLE I Concentration ofresin: grams per 100 cc. of liquid Viscosit in Viscosity in Viscosity inNumber Solvent Solvent Toluol centipo ses oentipoiscs centipoises at 40C. at 0. at 20 0.

Percent Percent l l-nitropropane 20 80 73 114 226 2 Methylisobutylketone20 80 100 204 Gelled 3 l-nitropropane 33.3 66.7. 64 92 150 4Methylisobutylketone" 33.3 66.7 77 120 242 5 l-nitropropane 46.6 63.4 5984 126 6 Methylisobutylketone 46.6 53.4 71 105 181 7 l-nitropropane 6066 81 120 8 Methylisobutylketone 60 40 67 101 150 Table II, below, showsthe effect of aging determined on another sample of vinyl resin.

TABLE II Concentration of resin: 20 grams per 100 cc. of liquidsViscosity in centipoises at 40 0. Original viscosity Number SolventSolvent Toluol in oenti- After 1 After 4 After 4 poises month monthsmonths at 40 0. storage storage atom e at room at room at o temp. temp.

Percent Percent 1 l-nitropropane 20 80 73 92 114 90 2Methylisobutylketone -20 g 80 100 153 296 187 3 l-nitropropane 33.3 66.764 77 90 77 4 Methylisobutylketone 33.3 66.7 77 120 138 5 1nitropropane.46.6 53.4 69 71 77 77 6 Methylisobuty1ketone 46.6 53.4 71 92 114 90 7l-nitropropane 60 40 156 66 65 65 8 Methylisobutylketone 60 40 67 77 10190 As indicated by the tables given above, with an increase in theproportion of the diluent added to vinyl resin solutions, an increase inviscosity results, and under certain conditions the viscosity increasewith poorer thinner mixtures becomes very great. This increase inviscosity, in general, depends upon such factors as, temperature of thesolution, the concentration of the resin in solution, the viscositycharacteristics of the particular grade of resin employed, etc. It willbe EXAMPLE I Vinyl resingrams per 100 cc 13* Dibutyl phthalate do.. 3l-nitropropane per cent 30 Toluol do 70 The following is a formula for asimilar composition containing pigments and another synthetic resin: I

The following example will illustrate the use of a mixture ofnitroparafllns as the solvent:

The vapor phase nitration product of propane from which nitromethanehasbeen removed per cent 35 Toluol do 65 If desired, other solvents such asacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, etc. or other diluents such as benzol,petroleum naphtha andhydrogenated petroleum diluents, and other resinssuch as Damar and Mastic may be incorporated in any of the aboveformulae. In adding such materials, however, care should ordinarily beobserved not to incorporate substantial amounts of materials tending toincrease the viscosity or accelerate the rate of gelling of the solutionsuch as, for example, alcohols which when present only to the extent or1 or 2% of the solvent portion of the thinner will cause a markedincrease in the viscosity and will influence the gelling tendency of thesolution.

This is a division of my co-pending application Serial No. 154,757,filed July 21, 1937, now Patent No. 2,192,593, issued March 5, 1940.

Now having described my invention, what I desire to claim is:

1. A coating composition possessing decreased gelling tendencies,comprising a tough and strong artificial resin resulting from theconjoint polymerization of a vinyl halide with a vinyl ester of a loweraliphatic acid, said resin being dissolved in a sumcient quantity of avolatile solvent to decrease the gelling tendency of the resultingcomposition, comprising a nitroparafiin and a liquid coal tarhydrocarbon to make a readily flowable composition adapted to produceresistant, adhesive and stable protective or ornamental surfacecoatings.

2. A coating composition possessing decreased gelling tendencies,comprising a tough and strong artificial resin resulting from theconjoint polymerization of a vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate, saidresin being dissolved in a suflicient quantity of a volatile solvent todecrease the gelling tendency of the resulting composition, comprising anitroparaflin and a liquid coal tar hydrocarbon to make a readilyflowable composition adapted to produce resistant, adhesive and stableprotective or ornamental surface coatings.

3. A coating composition possessing decreased gelling tendencies,comprising a tough and strong artificial resin resulting from theconjoint polymerization of a vinyl halide with a vinyl ester of a loweraliphatic acid, said resin being dissolved in a sufficient quantity of avolatile solvent comprising nitromethane and a liquid coal tarhydrocarbon to make a readily-flowable composition adapted to produceadhesive and stable protective or ornamental surface coatings.

4. A coating composition possessing decreased gelling tendencies,comprising a tough and strong artificial resin resulting from theconjoint polymerization of a vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate, saidresin being dissolved in a suflicient quantity of a volatile solventcomprising nitromethane and a liquid coal tar hydrocarbon to make areadilyflowable composition adapted to produce adhesive and stableprotective or ornamental surface coatings.

CHARLES BOGIN.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,271, 81. February 19 2.

CHARLES BOGIN.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered pgtent requiring correction as follows: Page 5,first column, line 2, for the patent number "2,192,595" read--2,192,585--; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with thiscorrection therein that the same may conform to the record of the casein the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 29th day of December, A. D. 1914.2.

Henry Van Arsdale,

(Seal) Acting Commissioner: of Patents.

